Puerto+Rico

Jenna Wendell =Puerto Rico = = =

**History of Puerto Rico**
==== The history of Puerto Rico prior to Christopher Colombus is not well known. But the information and historical facts that we do know about this island comes from archilogical findings, Spanish documents and a book that was written 293 years after Spaniards arrived on the island. During the Spanish-American W ar, the United S tates invaded Puerto Rico un  til the war ended in 1858 when the Treaty of Paris was signed and Spain gave Puerto Rico to America. On December 10 1898, The United States and Puerto Rico thus began a long-standing relationship. Puerto Rico began the 20th century under the military rule of the U.S. with officials, including the governor, appointed by the President of the United State s. Like the United States, Puerto Rico has a republican form of government that is subject to U.S. jurisdiction and sovereignty. The main three political parties in Puerto Rico are The Popular Democratic Party, The New Progressive Party , and The Puerto Rican Independence Party. Its current powers are all delegated by the United States Congress and lack full protection under the United States Constitution. ====

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During the 1800s hundreds of people from different parts of the world arrived in Puerto Rico. Corsican, French, Lebanese, Chinese, and Portugues e families arrived in Puerto Rico, along with large numbers of immigrants from Catalonia, Asturias, Galicia, the Balearic Islands, Andalusia, and the Canary Islands. Some Spanish loyalists from Spain's former colonies in South America also migrated to Puerto Rico in the 1800s. In 1815 many European Catholics were given a certain amount of free land during the Royal Decree of Graces. Many Irish, Scots, Germans, Italians and thousands others who we  =====

**Independence Party**
Like most countries, Puerto Ricans are able to show their political viewpoint by being a member of a certain political party. Puerto Ricans who want to become independent from the United States join the Puerto Rican Independence Party. Members of the Independence party are usually referred to independentistas or pipiols. Gilberto Concepcion de Garcia found this particular independence party in 1946 because the original independence party, Partido Popular Democratico, wasn’t doing its job. There are many other independence parties in Puerto Rico, but only the Puerto Rican Independence Party shows up on electoral ballots. ====**Language In the 16th century, thousands of Taino people lived in Puerto Rico. As the Spanish culture and the Taino culture blended, many words became general Spanish such as, hammock, hurricane, and tobacco. Africans also have added words to general Spanish because through out time thirty-one African tribes resided in Puerto Rico, thus having a large influence on the way Puerto Ricans speak Spanish. **==== In the 1900s the United States Army tried to impose the English language on native Puerto Ricans. Now days they primarily speak Spanish but are forced to learn English as their second language. Consequently, many Puerto Ricans are able use code switching while talking. Puerto Ricans, along with the rest of the Caribbean use the [Ricans, along with the rest of the Caribbean use the tierras bajas dialect. Aspiration of syllable-final %5Bs%5D, word final nasal is velar, syllable final luquids of %5Br%5D and %5Bl%5D Puerto Rico only %5Bl%5D, Yeismo, Seseo, %5Br%5D, articulation of J, Ge, Gi = %5Bh%5D, overall elision /weakening of consonants, second person address singular= tuteo, second person address plural= ustedes only, velar RR (word-intial r- / -rr- / -r- after n or l) : %5Bx%5D, Example: Puerto Rico= %5Bpwelto xiko%5D |tierras bajas] dialect. Aspiration of syllable-final [s], word final nasal is velar, syllable final luquids of [r] and [l] Puerto Rico only [l], Yeismo, Seseo, [r], articulation of J, Ge, Gi = [h], overall elision /weakening of consonants, second person address singular= tuteo, second person address plural= ustedes only, velar RR (word-intial r- / -rr- / -r- after n or l) : [x], Example: Puerto Rico= [pwelto xiko] **Badge of Identity** Puerto Ricans are able to express their political viewpoint by the way they talk. Citizens who want to become independent from the United States c** hange the articulation of the RR. Instead of keeping it [r], they change it to [x], for example they would pronounce Puerto Rico [pelt Xiao]. **

**Cuisine of Puerto Rico**
Puerto Rico’s food comes from many different cultures such as Spain, Africa and the Tainos. When the United States greatly influenced Puerto Rico’s cuisine when it gained possession over it in the 19th century. Popular Puerto Rican dishes include, Alcapurrias, which is a mixture of mainly yautia and may contain ground squash, plantains, green banana and other starchy tropical tubers filled with ground beed or crab meat and deep fried in oil. Arroz con Gandules, and Mofongo are also popular dishes. **
 * Puerto Rican locals refer to their cuisine as “cocina criolla.” In 1848 the first restaurant, // La Mallorquina // opened up and in 1940 the island’s first cookbook was published.

__Bibliography__  "Puerto Rico." //Puerto Rico//. Wikipedia. Web. 20 Nov. 2009. []   "**Puerto Rico**." __Encyclopædia Britannica__. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 04 Dec. 2009 < [|**http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/482879/Puerto-Rico**] >. Spanish Dialects and Varieties //. Wikipedia. Web. 30 Nov. 2009. __.__ // __Book:__ Rigau, Jorge. //Puerto Rico Then and Now//. Thunder Bay, 2009. Print.    